Christine Dunham is a leading expert on the ribosome—an elaborate macro-molecular machine that operates like a factory within a cell to manufacture proteins. "The ribosome is really the most ...

The discovery of ribosomes dates back to the 1950s, when George Palade first observed dense particles in the cytoplasm of cells using electron microscopy. These particles were later named "ribosomes" ...

Angiogenin is a well-characterized enzyme that has a variety of important roles; it can trigger the growth of new blood vessels, is involved in cell survival, migration, and proliferation, and has ...

Transcription and translation are processes a cell uses to make all proteins the body needs to function from information stored in the sequence of bases in DNA. The four bases (C, A, T/U, and G in the ...

Ribosomes are molecular machines that translate messenger RNA (mRNA), which is transcribed from DNA, into proteins. Scientists have now learned more about ribosomes in nature, and their function. This ...

Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell makes a copy of DNA, called mRNA. Then, another molecule called a ribosome reads the mRNA, translating it ...

The process of translation by ribosomes, which functions as a factory of protein synthesis, may be impeded by ‘ribosome arrest peptides’ (RAPs). However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Ribosomes are large molecular machines made of protein and RNA that build all proteins in the cell. Because protein production is extremely energy-intensive, cells rapidly reduce protein synthesis ...