Net Internal Rate of Return (Net IRR) reveals the profitability of investments by considering fees, costs, and carried ...

While a 12% annual rate of return has been suggested as possible in retirement investing, that's not always achievable. Here's why you may want to anticipate a more conservative return to account for ...

Giselle M. Cancio has over 10 years of editorial experience and content development in personal finance, education, travel, and sports. Her work has been published on NerdWallet, the Associated Press, ...

Have you ever looked at your rate of return and wondered how to interpret it? How do you know whether your portfolio performance is good, bad, or somewhere in between? And how do you go about ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

Through good times and bad, public pension plans have been reducing their assumed rates of return for more than a decade, a recognition that they must be more conservative for the long term. But the ...

Convertible instruments, whether in the form of convertible notes, simple agreements for future equity (SAFEs) or otherwise, have long been used in the startup world to avoid a fundamental issue: the ...