A complement C4 (also known as a complement component 4, or simply C4) is a test to measure the level of C4 proteins you have in your blood. These proteins play a role in how your immune system ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Low complement levels prior to pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes, including ...

Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is diagnosed with a combination of a clinical evaluation, blood tests, urine tests, and a renal (kidney) biopsy. The only way to definitively diagnose C3G and its ...

Levels of C4d and C4d/C4 associate with clinical and histopathological treatment response in proliferative lupus nephritis. Complement activation markers, particularly C4d and the C4d/C4 ratio, are ...

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) are rare and progressive kidney diseases that often lead to kidney failure. Both involve overactivity in ...

Innate Immunity is a nonspecific host defense mechanism against foreign antigens. It is the first line of defense in a host and occurs immediately or within hours after exposure. This type of immunity ...

A new study published in the journal Science Immunology analyzed lung epithelial cells from patients infected with COVID-19 and found the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...

The results of a newly reported study may offer scientists a strategy for mitigating the negative side effects associated with intravenous injection of nanoparticles used in medicine. The new approach ...